摘 要：本文以重庆市实施的全日制义务教育数学课程标准以来的2010-2017年的重庆市中考数学 试卷作为研究对象，[11]对近 8年的中考数学应用题进行分析。在新课标背景下,教师应该注重加强教 学方法的创新,尊重学生在教学中的主体地位,激发学生学习解决应用题方法的兴趣。[6]重庆市中考数 学试卷近八年的应用题题型主要分为三类：方程与函数、统计与概率和几何与图形。本文主要从近八 年的中考数学试卷中选取例题分成以上三类进行整理，指出相应的考点，给出答案以及相应的 解答过程和思维分析，进行归纳点评。在本文文末，对研究进行了总结，主要包括应用题各考 点在近八年中考中的考察情况、应用题占卷面题量的变化、应用题占卷面分值的变化、应用题 占卷面题量的比例和分值变化、关于应用题题量和占分比的总结和未来走向的预测。最后，根 据研究结果，给出了一些关于中考数学应用题复习的建议。[3]

Abstract：his paper takes the Chongqing middle school mathematics test paper from 2010 to 2017 from the full-time compulsory education mathematics curriculum standard implemented in Chongqing City as the research object, and analyzes the last eight years of high school entrance examination questions. There are three main types of questions applied in the recent eight years of Chongqing mathematics examination papers: Equations and Functions, Statistics and Probability, and Geometry and Graphs. This article is mainly from the last eight years of the examination of mathematics in the examination of selected examples into the above three categories for finishing, pointing out the corresponding test sites, given the answers and the corresponding answer process and thinking analysis, to make reviews. At the end of the article, the study was summarized, including the examination of the test points in the last eight years in the middle school entrance examination, the changes in the volume of the application questions, the change in the volume of questions applied to the roll surface, and the volume of the application questions. The  proportion of face questions and the change in scores, the sum of the amount of questions and the percentage of the questions on the application, and the forecast of future trends. Finally, based on the results of the research, some suggestions on the review of mathematics applications in  senior high schools are given.

关键词：重庆市；中考数学；应用题；方程与函数；统计与概率；几何与图形

Keyword：Chongqing; senior high school entrance examination; application problem; equations and functions; statistics and probability; geometry and graphics

目录

一、引言 4

二、例题分析 4

三、研究结论与讨论 16

1.应用题各考点在近八年中考中的考察情况 16

2.应用题占卷面题量的变化 16

3.应用题占卷面分值的变化 16

4.应用题占卷面题量的比例和分值变化 16

5.关于应用题题量和占分比的总结和未来走向预测 17

四、建议 17

1.掌握基础知识 17

2.分析具体问题 17

3.精做典型例题 18

参考文献 19

致谢 20

一、引言 一直以来，应用题这一版块的内容都是初中数学教学当中的重点和难点。[7]初中

《数学课程标准》中要求：“学生要能利用所学知识与技能解决实际问题，发展应用意 识。”[1]因此中考数学试卷中的应用题旨在考查学生能够将简单的实际问题转化成抽象 的数学模型，再根据现有的知识分析数学问题，从而可以做出准确的判断，让学生经历 数学理论知识与实际生活情境相结合的过程，进而提高解决问题的能力，[10]激发学生 对数学应用题的兴趣，培养学生的创新思维和实践能力。[9]随着新课程理念的进一步 推广，中考数学试卷中更是加大了对应用题的考查力度。