摘    要：近年来由于一些县区仍然存在一些化工、印染等高污染企业,加之地方经济保护主义,工业废水排放量大,且存在大量超标污染排放，因此地表水环境质量评价与监测受到各国政府的高度重视。余杭近年经济发展迅速，在获得经济效益的同时，也加速了对周围水环境的污染。本研究对杭州余杭地区地表水质量进行监测和评价。结果表明，在监测期间，各断面均受到不同程度污染，余杭区地表水质溶解氧、氨氮、总磷是明显污染指标，其中总磷成为最主要污染因子，仅有北苕溪四岭水库三年都达标。在2016年间，溶解氧单因子指标仅造桥港入运河口为1.36mg/L，不符合标准，郁宅港入运河处总氮含量高达1.693mg/L，不符合标准，总磷有四处不符合标准，但总体污染降低，达标数增加。2014年上塘河三个断面内梅罗综合污染指数（PIp值）最高均超过4，介于1和7.28之间，说明水质已经受到中度污染。2015年造桥港入运河口PIP指数增加至3.904，在2016年得到改善，降至1.469。2016年各断面水质均有改善，PIp值在0.669-1.469之间。总体来看，三年期间各河流断面水质污染呈下降趋势，水质明显改善。

关键词：环境监测；内梅罗综合污染指数；地表水环境质量；环境质量

Abstract：In recent years, due to the persistence of some high-polluting enterprises in the chemical industry, printing and dyeing in some counties, combined with local economic protectionism, large industrial wastewater discharge, and excessive discharge of pollutants, surface water environmental quality assessment and monitoring have been highly valued by governments of all countries. In recent years, Yuhang's economy has developed rapidly. While obtaining economic benefits, it has also accelerated the pollution of the surrounding water environment. This study monitored and evaluated surface water quality in Yuhang District, Hangzhou. The results show that the [conclusion is more concise, without putting all the data on it, and it needs to be organized so that the data can explain the problem. During the monitoring period, all sections were polluted to varying degrees. Dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the surface water quality of Yuhang District were significant pollution indicators. Total phosphorus became the most important pollution factor, and only Beibeixi four-ridge reservoir met the standard for three years. In 2016, the single factor index of dissolved oxygen was 1.36mg/L only when the bridge was built into the mouth of the canal, which did not meet the standard. The total nitrogen content of the Yuzhaigang entrance canal was as high as 1.693mg/L. It did not meet the standard, and total phosphorus did not conform to the standards. However, overall pollution has decreased and the number of compliance has increased. In 2014, the highest integrated pollution index (PIp value) in the three sections of the Shangtang River exceeded 4 and was between 1 and 7.28, indicating that the water quality had been moderately polluted. In 2015, the PIP index for building bridge entrances and entrances to the canal increased to 3.904, which improved in 2016 to 1.469. In 2016, the water quality of all sections improved, and the PIp value was between 0.669 and 1.469. On the whole, the pollution of water quality at the river sections during the three years showed a downward trend, and the water quality improved significantly.

Key words：environmental monitoring; nemero comprehensive pollution index；surface water environmental quality; environmental quality

目  录

1 引言 1

1.1.研究目的与意义 1

1.2水污染 1

1.3水污染国内研究现状 2

2区域环境概述 2

3实验材料与方案 3

3.1地表水监测 3

3.1.1监测方案设计 3

3.1.2监测方法与使用仪器 3

3.2 地表水环境监测指标及评价标准 5