摘    要:为探究保水剂与肥料配施对水稻生理和产量的影响，采用盆栽试验，对水稻秧苗进行0kg/ha，15kg/ha，30kg/ha，60kg/ha保水剂与尿素等肥料进行配合施用，测定水稻农艺性状、光合参数及产量性状。研究结果显示，喷施各剂量的保水剂均能提高水稻株高和水稻叶片叶绿素含量，降低水稻叶温，促进其地上部分的生长发育。从光合特性来看，保水剂的施用能显著提高净光合速率和(Pn)和叶片气孔导度(Cond)，降低蒸腾速率(Tr)，从而提高水稻光合水分利用效率(WUE)和保水能力。另外，水稻施用保水剂还可提高水稻叶片胞间CO2浓度(Cr)，发挥CO2施肥效应，促进其光合作用。考种结果表明保水剂和肥料配施处理可增加水稻穗数、结实率、千粒重等产量性状。综合实验结果，提出保水剂与肥料配施相对于不施用保水剂更利于水稻的生长发育，且不同用量的保水剂作用效果不同，其中，以剂量为30kg/ha的保水剂与肥料配施效果最佳。

In order to study the effects of water retaining agent combined with fertilizer on rice physiology and yield , the rice seedlings were treated with water retaining agent at 0kg/ha, 15kg/ha, 30kg/ha and 60kg/ha and urea in pot experiments. Then the agronomic character, photosynthetic parameters and yield traits of rice were measured. The results showed that spraying various doses of water retaining agent could improve the plant height and the chlorophyll content of rice leaves, reduce the leaf temperature and promote the growth and development of aerial parts of rice seedlings. According to the photosynthetic characteristics, the application of water retaining agent could significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the stomatal conductance (Cond), reduce the transpiration rate (Tr), and thus improve the water use efficiency（WUE）and water conservation ability of rice. In addition, water retaining agent could also improve the inter-cellular carbon dioxide concentration (Cr) of rice leaves, utilize Carbon dioxide fertilization and promote photosynthesis. The investigation results of rice yield traits showed that the combined application of water retaining agent and fertilizer increased panicle number, seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight. According to the results of the experiments, it was suggested that the combination of water retaining agent and fertilizer was more beneficial to the growth of rice than that of the non application of water retention agent, and the effects of different dosage of water retaining agent were different, in which the dosage of 30kg/ha was the best with fertilizer.

关键词：保水剂； 水稻； 生理；产量

Keyword: water retaining agent；rice；physiology；yield

目    录

引言4

1 材料和方法…4

1.1 试验材料…4

1.2 试验处理…4

1.3 考察指标及测定方法…5

1.3.1 水稻秧苗株高的测定5

1.3.2 水稻叶冠温的测定…5

1.3.3 水稻叶片叶绿素含量的测定…5

1.3.4 水稻叶片光合参数的测定…5

1.3.5 水稻产量性状的测定…5

1.3.6 数据处理与分析…5

2 结果和分析 5

2.1 保水剂与肥料配施对水稻秧苗株高的影响…5

2.2 保水剂与肥料配施对水稻叶温的影响…5

2.3 保水剂与肥料配施对水稻水稻叶片叶绿素含量的影响6

2.4 保水剂与肥料配施对水稻净光合速率的影响6

2.5 保水剂与肥料配施对水稻蒸腾速率的影响…7

2.6 保水剂与肥料配施对水稻叶片气孔导度的影响…7

2.7 保水剂与肥料配施对水稻叶片胞间CO2浓度的影响7

2.8 保水剂与肥料配施对水稻光合水分利用效率的影响…8

2.9 保水剂与肥料配施对水稻产量性状的影响…8

3 讨论…9

参考文献…9

致谢10

引言

水稻作为中国最重要的粮食作物之一，其栽培历史悠久，种植面积广，占世界水稻种植总面积的20%以上，总产量高居世界第一，占世界总产的31%，是我国一半以上人口的主食来源[1-3]。因此，水稻的生产与国家粮食安全息息相关。